Animal behavior: a continuing synthesis.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 676 The Historical Synthesis of Animal Behavior .................................................... 676 Current Status of the Synthesis .......................................................................... 677 A Reconsideration of the Synthesis .................................................................... 678 PERSISTENT RESEARCH DIFFERENCES ........................................................................... 679 Field vs. Laboratory Methods ............................................................................ 679 Genes vs. Environment ...................................................................................... 680 Rules Guiding Research ..................................................................................... 680 METHODS F COMPARING BEHAVIOR ........................................................................... 682 Protoevolutionary Comparisons ........................................................................ 683 Phylogenetic Comparisons ................................................................................ 687 Ecological Comparisons .................................................................................... 689 Microevolutionary Comparisons ....................................................................... 691 Integration ......................................................................................................... 692 THE DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF BEHAVIOR ....................................................... 694 Motivation .......................................................................................................... 694 Learning ............................................................................................................. 695 Regulatory and Structural Behavior Systems ..................................................... 695 COGNITIVE ABILITIES .......................................................................................................... 696 Comparative Cognition ...................................................................................... 697 Mental Life and Consciousness .......................................................................... 698 Animal Welfare and Rights ................................................................................ 699 TOWARD CONTINUING SY THESIS ................................................................................. 700